Glossary

adaptation - a trait that improves a plant's or animal's ability to live in a particular environment.
avian - of, or relating, to birds.
bird banding - research technique in which a small aluminum band is attached to a bird's leg. If the bird is captured again or found dead, and if the band number is reported to the responsible federal agency, the bander and other researchers can learn about avian movements and longevity.
breeding grounds - environment where an animal mates and produces offspring.
brood - the birds that hatch from a single clutch of eggs.
camouflage - a genetically controlled pattern or markings that protects an individual organism.
carnivore - a flesh eating animal, or any of an order of mammals, that feeds mostly on animal flesh.
clutch - the number of eggs laid by a female bird in one nesting.
conservation - the use of natural resources in such a way that ensures their continuing availability.
culture - the arts, beliefs, and traditions of a particular population of a region or country.
docent - teacher, or lecturer, often at a museum.
ecology - the science of the relationships between living organisms and their environments.
ecosystem - all living and nonliving things within an area that are all linked together by energy and nutrient flow.
endangered species - a species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
environment - conditions in an area influenced by the climate, soil, topography, and living components in an area.
estuary - an arm of the sea at the mouth of a river.
extinction - no longer existing.
fat loading - build up of fat reserves by a bird before migration.
fledgling - a young bird that has recently left the nest, has feathers, and still depends on its parent for food.
flyways - general routes of travel used by birds when migrating between breeding and wintering grounds. Four major flyways are Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and Pacific.
forage - to search for food.
fragmentation - division of large continuous tracts of habitat into smaller areas.
geography - study of the earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth.
habitat - the place where an animal makes its home and meets all its needs for survival. Components of an habitat are food, water, shelter, and space.
instinct - a natural impulse or motivation arising from within.
inventory - a detailed list of items or the process of making a list of items.
marsh - a tract of soft, wet land.
migration - movement of a species from one place to another, often following a change of season.
molt - the shedding of feathers by a bird.
navigate - to follow or plan a course across or through to a destination.
neotropical - the area of the Americas which lies between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.
neotropical migratory bird - a bird that moves seasonally between temperate or mild climate regions of North America (where it nests), and warm tropical areas of Mexico, the Caribbean and other parts of Latin America (where it waits out the northern winter months.)
nonbreeding grounds - environment where an animal spends the winter, also referred to as the wintering grounds
orientation - location or position relative to the points of a compass.
ornithologist - one who engages in the scientific study of birds.
photoperiodism - seasonal response by organisms to change in length of the daylight period.
population - group of individuals of a particular species in a given area.
prairie - a broad tract of level or rolling grassland.
predator - an animal that kills and eats other animals.
preening - to dress or smooth up; to trim or dress with the beak.
preservation - maintenance of a natural environment undisturbed by the influence or activities of humans.
prey - an animal that is killed and eaten by other animals.
range - land upon which animals live.
raptor - a bird of prey, such as an hawk or owl.
resident bird - a bird that does not migrate, but makes its home in the same place and climate all year.
riparian - bordering water; at the water's edge; the water influence zone. "Riparian area or Riparian Zone" refers to the vegetation that grows on or near the banks of streams, rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water.
shelter - provides protection or cover from the weather.
shore bird - a bird that frequents coastal or inland shores.
shrub land - land covered by shrubs, or woody plants that are usually relatively short, and differ from trees by having several stems instead of a single trunk.
species - a population of individuals that are more or less alike and are able to breed and produce fertile offspring under natural conditions.
swamp- wet, spongy land.
temperate - area of the earth that lies between the tropical and polar regions and has a mild climate.
topography - physical features of a place or region.
vegetation - mass of plants that covers a given area.
waterfowl - a swimming bird ,such as a duck, goose, or swan, usually frequenting freshwater areas. Swimming game birds as a group.
wetlands - land frequently covered by water.
wildlife - animals in their natural environments. Wild animals and vegetation, especially animals living in their natural undomesticated state.
woodland - land covered by trees; refers to a more open arrangement than a forest.

Federal Junior Duck Stamp Conservation and Design Program Resource List

Web Sites and Internet Connections

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - (http://www.fws.gov). Visit the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's World Wide Web site in order to view the Home Pages of any of the following Service divisions:

Federal Duck Stamp Office and Federal Junior Duck Stamp Home Pages
Office of Migratory Bird Management Home Page
Division of Refuges Home Page
North American Waterfowl Management Plan Home Page.

Partners in Flight

(http://www.pwrc.nbs.gov/pif) Provides interagency clearing house for migratory bird programs.

Waterfowl Identification in the Central Flyway

(http://www.npsc.nbs.gov/resource/tools/waterfwl/waterflw.htm) Aids sportsmen in waterfowl identification

Ducks at a Distance

(http://www.usgs.gov) Go to Northern Prairie Biological Resources under waterfowl.

Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network

(http://www.npsc.nbs.gov/resource/tools/birdhouse/birdhouse.htm) Provides information on shorebird reserve sites, handbook, events, and image gallery.

Journey North

(http://www.learner.org/k12) Provides on-line studies in the phenomenon of migration and allows students to track actual migration of various species, including migratory birds, using current data provided by practicing scientists. May have to go through "search" to get to Journey North on site.

Project Wild

(http://eelink.umich.edu/wild/) Includes general information and lesson plans from this interdisciplinary, environmental education program. Also provides information on educator training in every state.

National Fish and Wildlife Foundation

(http://www.NFWF.org) Offers information about existing programs including the Neotropical migratory bird program and International Migratory Bird Day.

Ducks Unlimited

(http://www.ducks.org) Provides information on existing program and useful information gleaned from Ducks Unlimited bi-monthly magazine.

National Audubon Society

(http://www.audubon.org) Web site emphasizes Audubon's programs that rely on contributions from volunteers including students.

Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology

(http://www.ornigh.cornell. Edu/) General information on laboratory's programs.

VIDEOS

"Status of Waterfowl" U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Office of Public Affairs, 1849 C Street, NW, Washington, DC 20240.

"Know Your Waterfowl - the Swans, Geese, and Ducks of North America," AXIA.

"Ducks Under Siege," "Messages From the Birds," "Crane River," and "Desperately Seeking Sanctuary," Audubon Productions, National Audubon Society, 700 Broadway, New York, NY 10003.

"Never a Silent Spring: Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation," U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Public Affairs, 1875 Century Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30345.

"Home for Pearl," video which accompanies Home for Pearl instructional guide, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Publications, Unit, Rt. 1, Box 166 Shepherdstown, WV 25443.

"Out of the Blue," U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 2, P.O. Box 1306, Albuquerque, NM.

"Strictly for the Birds," Oxford Science Films, Survival Series, New York, NY

"Wonders on the Wing," video which accompanies Wonders on the Wing instructional guide, Colorado Division of Wildlife, 6060 Broadway, Denver, CO 80216.

"Singing in the Rainforest," "For the Birds - Comeback of the Peregrine Falcon," "Birders of a Feather; Birders Moving from Canada to Costa Rica," "Night Moves - the Migration of Burrowing Owls," Missing Links Productions Inc. #400, 119 14th Street, NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1Z6.

"The Loons of Golden Pond," the Company for Home Video Entertainment, 414 College Ave. P.O. Box 577, Woodstock, VT 05091.

"The Video Guide to Stamp Collecting," Premiere Home Video, 6824 Melrose Avenue, Hollywood, CA 90036.

The films listed below are available on a free loan basis from the Philatelic Marketing Division, United States Postal Service, Washington, DC 20256-9994 and Audience Planners, Inc. 5107 Douglas Fir Road, Calabasas, CA 91302-1472.

"America the Beautiful," relates recent stamp design to the natural beauty and scenic wonders of America.

"Images of America," depicts a history of commemorative stamps, explains the selection procedure for stamp subjects, and conveys the spirit of an artist preparing original art work for a new stamp.

"Stamps, A Nation's Calling Cards," discusses how stamps serve as a means by which a nation pays homage to those events and people that they wish to honor: great explorers, presidents, personalities, events, inventions, organizations, and animals.

SLIDE COLLECTIONS AND SLIDE SHOWS

The Slide Collection of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service includes many single species images. Write to request use of images of specific species. Office of Public Affairs, 1849 C Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20240.

Viero (Visual Resources for Ornithology) is a collection of 85,000 slides representing over 5,500 species of birds. Vireo sells and leases slides for lectures and publications. Vireo, The Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

Cornell Lab of Ornithology Slide Visual Services. For a catalogue of color slides of all North American Birds, contact Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850.

Partners in Flight Slide Show. Depicts problems facing Neotropical migratory birds and what can be done to help stem declines in populations. Available from Crows Nest Bookstore, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850.

Birds in the Balance Slide Show. 60 slides and audio tape presentation. Convey issues of migratory bird conservation. National Audubon Society, Education Department, 700 Broadway, New York, NY 10003.

AUDIO TAPES OF BIRD SONGS AND CALLS

Bird Songs and Calls. More than 25 different audio cassettes available. Crows nest, Cornell laboratory of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850

Know Your Birds: Sound Volumes I and II. Elliot Lang, North Sound, PO Box 1360 Minocqua, WI 54548.

Peterson's Guides to Birding By Ear. Audio cassette or CD series with booklet. Wild Bird Centers of America stores or corporate headquarters, Wild Bird Centers of America, 7370 MacArthur Boulevard, Glen Echo, MD 20812.

"Peter and the Wolf" Prokofiev, Serge. Recordings by Eugene Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra; Vienna Philharmonic; New York Philharmonic with Leonard Bernstein. Contact music stores and local libraries.

Nature Sounds. Land Elliott (617) 257-4995.

REFERENCE TEXTS

Ducks, Geese and Swans of North America, Third edition. Stackpole Press, Harrisburg, PA

Flyways,, Hawkins, A.S.R.C., Hanson, H.K., Nelson, and H.M. Reeves, eds. U.S. Department of Interior.

Waterfowl of North America, Johngard, P.A., Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN.

Waterfowl Tomorrow, Linduska, J.P. and Nelson, A.L. eds, U.S. Department of Interior.

The Birders Handbook, Ehrlich, P., Simon and Schuster.

The Audubon Society Master Guide to Birding-Loons to Sandpipers, Farrand, J., Alfred Knopf.

The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Birds, Holiday, T., Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

North American Ducks, Swans, and Geese, Heintzelman, D., Winchester Press.

Bird Migration, Burton, R., Eddison Sadd Press.

Bring Back the Birds, Greenberg, R., Stackpole Books.

Mysteries of Migration, Baker, R., Viking Press.

Waterfowl Identification, Lemaster, R., Contemporary Books.

The Natural History of Ducks, Vol. I, II,III., Phillips, J., Houghton, Mifflin.

A Guide to North American Waterfowl, Diving Birds of North America, Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World., Johnsgard., University Press, Lincoln, NE.

FIELD GUIDES

Birds of North America Field Guide, Bull, J., Macmillan, New York.

A Field Guide to the Birds East of the Rockies., 4th ed., Peterson, Tory, Houghton-Mifflin, Boston.

A Field Guide to Western Birds, 3rd ed., Peterson, Tory, Houghton-Mifflin, Boston.

A Field Guide to the Birds of North America. National Geographic Society, Washington, DC.

CHILDREN'S BOOKS

The Snow Goose, Ahlstrom, Baker Street Publications.

Swan Lake, Helprin, Houghton-Mifflin.

City Geese, Hirschi, Dodd, Mead and Co.

Birds, Osborne, First Nature Books, Hayes Books.

The Bird Alphabet Book, Pollota, Charlesbridge Publishing.

Birds at My Feeder., Loates, Crabtree Publishing.

Birdwise: Forty Fun Feats for Finding Out About Our Feathered Friends, Hickman, Addison Wesley.

Catching the Wind., Ryder, Morrow Junior Books.

Dancers in the Garden, Ryder, Morrow Junior Books.

An Educational Coloring Book of Birds, Spizzirri, Caroline House.

Eyewitness Books: Birds, Burnie, Alfred A. Knopf.

First Look at Birds, Selsam, Walker and Co.

Flute's Journey - the Life of a Wood Thrush, Cherry, Harcourt-Brace and Co.

For the Birds, Atwood, Firefly Books.

Have You Seen Birds:, Oppenheim, Scholastic, Inc.

How Birds Fly, Freedman, Holiday House.

How Do Birds Find Their Way, Gans, Harper Collins.

The Hummingbird Garden, Widman, Macmillan.

The Hummingbird's Gift, Rhodes-Czernecki, Hyperion Books for Children.

The Hummingbird King, Palacios, Troll Associates.

A Kid's First Book of Birdwatching, Weidensaul, Running Press.

On the Frontier with Mr. Audubon, Brenner, Coward, McCann & Geoghegan.

Peterson's 1st Guides: Birds, Peterson, Houghton-Mifflin Co.

Racoons and Ripe Corn, Arnosky, William Morrow & Co.

She's Wearing a Dead Bird on Her Head!, Lasky, Hyperion Books for Children.

What Makes a Bird a Bird?, Garlick, Mondo Publishing.

BIRDS IN POETRY

Birds, Adoff., J.B. Lippincott.

Bird Songs, Reed, Atheneum.

Bird Watch, Yolen, Philomel Books.

Feathered Ones and Furry, Fisher, Thomas Y. Crowell.

CURRICULA

MIGRATORY BIRD CURRICULUM NEEDS ASSESSMENT PROJECT. Includes descriptions of over 100 migratory bird education programs, projects and materials including curricula and materials focused on waterfowl. Contact Sally Laughlin, Birds of Vermont Museum, PO 157, Cambridge, VT 05444.

US FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE ISSUE PACS. Education pacs produced by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Conservation Training Center on topics such as migratory birds, wetlands conservation and use, rivers and streams, freshwater marsh, urban areas and wildlife conflicts. Each provides factual information about the topic, habitat and resource management and a series of three lesson plans. National Institute for Urban Wildlife, Box 3015, Shepardstown, WV 25443.

TEACH ABOUT GEESE. Teachers use relevant topics which motivate students and contribute to an education effort dedicated towards increasing goose populations and the awareness of wildlife management on the Yukon Delta Wildlife Refuge. Contact Yukon Delta NWR, PO Box 346, Bethel, AK 99559.

HOME FOR PEARL. Video and accompanying instructional guide explores issues of endangered species, habitat and habitat diversity. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Publications Unit.

JOURNEY NORTH. Provides instruction on migration of various species including migratory birds via the Internet. Students write to species experts, track the migration of birds and other wildlife and learn ecological concepts. Journey North, 125 North First Street, Minneapolis, MN 55401.

SISTER SHOREBIRD PROJECT. Curriculum focuses on shorebird migration and allows students to track shorebirds as they move from nesting grounds in the Arctic to wintering grounds in Mexico and Latin America.

INTERNATIONAL CRANE FOUNDATION. The foundation offers numerous curriculum packets including coloring books, activity booklets, study sheets, accompanying slide shows and more for grades K-12 and adults. Posters, books, photographs, films and slide shows also available. International Crane Foundation E-11376 Shady Lane Road, PO Box 447, Baraboo, WI 53913-0447.

NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETY EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES. Audubon adventures provides a set of 32 newspapers on migratory birds with teachers guide to be used in a classroom setting; teachers guides and posters. Education Division, National Audubon Society, 700 Broadway, NY, NY 10003.

PROJECT WILD. An interdisciplinary, supplementary conservation and environmental education program emphasizing wildlife. Primarily for educators of K-12. Offers educator training workshops in every state. Project WILD, 5430 Grosvenor Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814.

SHOREBIRD MIGRATION GAME BOOKLET. Includes lesson plans and game rules; ages 9-12. Manomet Observatory, Box 1770, Manomet, MA 02345.

THE SONGBIRD BLUES TRUNK. A comprehensive curriculum contained in a trunk. This mobile kit includes everything needed to teach a full unit on Neotropical migratory birds and their conservation. The trunk contains a teacher's guide, lesson plans, student research packets, puppets, felt boards, books, posters, audio and video tapes, and study skins. Songbird Blues, Montana Natural History Center, PO Box 8514, Missoula, MT 59807.

THE SONGBIRD CONNECTION. Videos, posters and multi disciplinary lessons offered on bird ecology and forest conservation for grades K-12. Contact Songbird Connection, New Jersey Conservation Foundation, 300 Medham Road, Morristown, NJ 07690.

WONDERS ON THE WING. Video and accompanying curriculum on the natural history of migratory birds. Colorado Division of Wildlife, 6060 Broadway, Denver, CO 80216.

ILLINOIS BIRDS. Illinois Department of Conservation, 524 South 2nd Street, Springfield, IL 62701-1787.

ONE BIRD-TWO HABITATS. A program of twenty-two 6-8th grade activities, with background information and support materials, in a curriculum unit disseminated through workshops. One Bird-Two Habitats, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 1350 Femrite Drive, Monona, WI 53716.

PROJECT FEEDERWATCH. A November through March project that involves participants watching and counting feeder birds. Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850.

RANGER RICK'S NATURE SCOPE - BIRDS, BIRDS, BIRDS. Lesson plans focused on birds and habitat. One in a series of educational booklets. Nature Scope, National Wildlife Federation, 1400 Sixteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-2266.

GARDENING WITH WILDLIFE KIT. National Wildlife Federation Backyard Wildlife Habitat Program National Wildlife Federation, 1400 Sixteenth St. NW. Washington, DC 20036-2266.

BILINGUAL - SPANISH/ENGLISH

BIRDS WITHOUT BORDERS. Project has developed lesson plans and materials in Spanish for use in bilingual classrooms in Colorado and schools in Mexico. Birds beyond Borders, Colorado Bird Observatory, 13401 Piccadilly Road, Brighton, CO 80601.

SAVE OUR MIGRATORY BIRDS. This guide for middle school teachers provides a series of lessons and fact sheets that encourages students' global perspective on natural resources by focusing on birds which link countries through their seasonal migration. Save our Migratory Birds, Manomet Observatory, PO Box 1770, Manomet, MA 02345.

SAVE OUR SHOREBIRDS. A teachers interdisciplinary guide to understanding shorebirds and their migration; upper elementary to middle school students and available in Spanish and English. Manomet Observatory, Box 1770 Manomet, MA 02345.

BIRD QUEST. A program for all ages consisting of six levels of classroom and field instruction that lead students from basic bird identification to independent studies. Bird Quest, Canadian nature Federation, 1 Nicholas Street, Suite 520, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 7B7.

PERIODICALS

Nearly every state fish and wildlife agency produces a magazine focused on wildlife issues in the state. Many have excellent articles and reference materials on waterfowl and other migratory birds. Contact your state fish and wildlife agency to obtain current issues of their publications.

Ducks Unlimited. Bi-monthly publication of Ducks Unlimited. Ducks Unlimited, Inc. National Headquarters, One Waterfowl Way, Memphis, TN 38120.

Puddler. Quarterly youth oriented publication of Ducks Unlimited, Ducks Unlimited, Inc., National Headquarters, One Waterfowl Way, Memphis, TN 38120.

Wild Fowl. Publication for duck and goose hunters. Wildfowl PO Box 372, Mt. Morris, IL 61054-8087.

Waterfowl and Wetlands Magazine. Official quarterly publication of the South Carolina Waterfowl Association, SCWA 434 King Street, Charleston, SC 29403.

Audubon, bi-monthly publication of the National Audubon Society, Audubon, Membership Data Center, PO Box 2666, Boulder, CO 80322.

Audubon Field Notes. Seasonal reports on population distribution of birds. Subscription includes the Christmas Bird Count issue. Field Notes, National Audubon Society, 700 Broadway, NY, NY 10003.

Partners in Flight Newsletter. Reports on Partners in Flight conservation projects. Partners in Flight, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, 1120 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20036.

Ranger Rick, My Big Backyard, National Wildlife, International Wildlife. The four publications of the National Wildlife Federation. The first two are high quality children's nature magazines, the last two are aimed at a general audience and focus on wildlife issues. National Wildlife Federation 1400 Sixteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-2266.

Falcon. Popular children's wildlife magazine featuring much useful information and fun activities. Falcon Magazine, PO Box 15936, North Hollywood, CA 91615-5936.

WATERFOWL AND WILDLIFE ART BOOKS

The Life and Lore of Birds in Nature, Art, Myth and Literature, Armstrong, E.A., Crown Publishers, Inc.

The Illustrator, Vol. 13, No.1, Art Instruction School Publication. 500 South Fourth Street, Minneapolis, MN.

Ducks of North America and the Northern Hemisphere, Gooders, J., Illustrated by Boyer, Trevor, 38 color plates of magnificent illustrations in winter and summer plumage.

The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Birds, Heintzelman, D., New Yoir, Winchester Press.

The Flame of Peace: A Tale of the Aztecs, Lattimore, D., Los Angeles, Harper Row,

The Artists' Magazine, "Secrets of Painting Waterfowl Reflections," Seslar, P., F and W Publications, 1507 Dana Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 41207.

North American Ducks, Swans, and Geese

Fulvous Whistling Duck
Black Bellied Whistling Duck
Tundra Swan
Trumpeter Swan

Mute Swans are not permitted as they are not native to North America

Greater White-fronted Goose
Snow Goose
Ross Goose
Brant
Canada Goose
Emperor Goose
Wood Duck
Green-winged Teal
Blue-winged Teal
Cinnamon Teal
American Black Duck
Mottled Duck
Mallard
Northern Pintail
Northern Shoveler
Gadwall
American Wigeon
Canvasback
Redhead
Ring-necked Duck
Greater Scaup
Lesser Scaup
Common Eider
King Eider
Spectacled Eider
Steller's Eider
Harlequin Duck
Oldsquaw
Black Scoter
Surf Scoter
White-winged Scoter
Common Goldeneye
Barrows Goldeneye
Bufflehead
Hooded Merganser
Common Merganser
Red-breasted Merganser
Ruddy Duck

Hawaiian species permitted in Junior Duck Stamp Competition.

Nene Goose
Koloa
Laysan Duck

please note: loons are water birds, not waterfowl and are, therefore, not permitted in contest.

Common Migratory Bird Species

Waterfowl

Mallard
Black Duck
Pintail
Shoveler
Gadwall
American Wigeon
Blue-winged Teal
Green-winged Teal
Cinnamon Teal
Wood duck
Canvasback
Redhead
Ring-necked Duck
Bufflehead
Greater Scaup
Lesser Scaup
Common Goldeneye
Barrows Goldeneye
Ruddy Duck
Hooded Merganser
Common Merganser
Red-breasted Merganser
Fulvous Whistling Duck
Black-bellied Whistling Duck
Trumpeter Swan
Whistling Swan
Canada Goose
Brant
Snow Goose
White-fronted Goose

Songbirds

Chimney Swift
Mourning Dove
Yellow-shafted Flicker
Barn Swallow
Purple martin
Blue Jay
Carolina Chickadee
House Wren
Eastern Bluebird
American Robin
Red-winged Blackbird
Baltimore Oriole
Cardinal
House Finch
Scarlet Tanager
Indigo Bunting
American Redstart
Blackburnian Warbler
Yellow Warbler
Red-eyed Vireo
Ruby Throated Hummingbird
Rufous-sided Towhee
Chipping Sparrow
Wood Thrush
Eastern Kingbird
Red-shafted Flicker
Black Swift
Black-chinned Hummingbird
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher
Western kingbird
Green-tailed Towhee
American Goldfinch
Scrub Jay
Western Bluebird
Yellow-rumped Warbler
Black-headed Grosbeak
Red-winged Blackbird
Lazuli Bunting
Bullock's Oriole

Raptors

Bald Eagle
American Kestrel
Osprey
Peregrine Falcon
Red-tailed Hawk
Golden Eagle
Northern Harrier
Snowy Owl
Loggerhead Shrike
Turkey Vulture

Shorebirds

Killdeer
Spotted Sandpiper
American Avocet
American Oystercatcher
Black-necked Stilt
Piping Plover
Whimbrel
Eskimo Curlew
Willet
Common Snipe
Ruddy Turnstone
Sanderling
Upland Sandpiper

United States State Birds and Canadian Provincial Birds

United States

Alabama    Yellow Shafted Flicker
Alaska    Willow Ptarmigan
Arizona    Cactus Wren
Arkansas    Northern Mockingbird
California    California Quail
Colorado    Lark Bunting
Connecticut    American Robin
Delaware   Blue Hen
Florida    Northern Mockingbird
Georgia    Brown Thrasher
Hawaii    Nene Goose
Idaho    Mountain Bluebird
Illinois    Northern Cardinal
Indiana    Northern Cardinal
Iowa    American Gold Finch
Kansas    Western Meadowlark
Kentucky    Northern Cardinal
Louisiana    Brown Pelican
Maine    Black-capped Chickadee
Maryland    Baltimore Oriole
Massachusetts    Black-capped Chickadee
Michigan    American Robin
Minnesota    Common Loon
Mississippi    Northern Mockingbird
Missouri    Eastern Bluebird
Montana    Western Meadowlark
Nebraska    Western Meadowlark
Nevada    Mountain Bluebird
New Mexico    Roadrunner
New Hampshire    Purple Finch
New York    Eastern Bluebird
New Jersey    American Goldfinch
North Dakota    Western Meadowlark
North Carolina    Northern Cardinal
Ohio    Northern Cardinal
Oklahoma    Scissor-tailed Flycatcher
Oregon    Western Meadowlark
Pennsylvania    Ruffled Grouse
Rhode Island    Rhode Island Red
South Dakota    Ring-necked Pheasant
South Carolina    Carolina Wren
Tennessee    Northern Mockingbird
Texas    Northern Mockingbird
Utah    California Gull
Vermont    Hermit Thrush
Virginia    Northern Cardinal
Washington    American Goldfinch
West Virginia    Northern Cardinal
Wisconsin    American Robin
Wyoming    Western Meadowlark

Canada

Alberta Great Horned Owl
British Columbia Steller's Jay
Manitoba Great Gray Owl
New Brunswick Black-capped Chickadee
Newfoundland Atlantic Puffin
Northwest Territories Gyrfalcon
Nova Scotia Osprey
Ontario Common Loon
Prince Edward Island Blue Jay
Quebec Snowy Owl
Saskatchewan Sharptailed Grouse
Yukon Territory Common Raven

Migratory Birds Listed as Endangered

The more highly migratory species are denoted by capital letters.
Parentheses are used to indicate subspecies of a more widely distributed species.

Blackbird. Yellow-shouldered
Caracara. (Audubon's) Crested
Condor. California
Coot. Hawaiian
Crane. (Mississippi) Sandhill
CRANE. WHOOPING
CURLEW. ESKIMO
Duck. (Hawaiian) Laysan
EIDER. SPECTACLED
FALCON. AMERICAN PEREGRINE
Falcon. Northern Aplomado
Flycatcher. (Southwestern) Willow
Gnatcatcher. (Coastal) California
GOOSE. ALEUTIAN CANADA
Goose. (Hawaiian) Nene
Hawk. Hawaiian
Hawk. (Puerto Rican) Broad-winged
Hawk. (Puerto Rican) Sharp-tailed
Moorhen. (Hawaiian) Common
Moorhen. (Mariana) Common
MURRELET. MARBLED
Nightjar. Puerto Rican
Owl. (Mexican) Spotted
Owl. (Northern) Spotted
PELICAN. BROWN
PETREL. HAWAIIAN DARK-RUMPED
Pigeon. (Puerto Rican) Plain
PLOVER. PIPING
PLOVER. WESTERN SNOWY
Rail. (California) Clapper
Rail. (Light-footed) clapper
Rail. (Yuma) clapper
Scrub-Jay, Florida
SHEARWATER. NEWELL'S TOWNSEND'S
Shrike. (San Clemente) Loggerhead
Sparrow. (Cape Sable) Seaside
Sparrow. (Florida) Grasshopper
Sparrow. (San Clemente) Sage
Stilt. Hawaiian
STORK. WOOD
tern. (California) Least
TERN. LEAST
TERN. ROSEATE
Towhee. (Inyo) California
VIREO. BLACK-CAPPED
VIREO (LEAST) BELL'S
WARBLER. BACHMANS
WARBLER. GOLDEN-CHEEKED
WARBLER. KIRTLAND'S
Woodpecker. Ivory-billed
Woodpecker. Red-cockaded

* All these species protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act which are listed as endangered species. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Office of Migratory Bird Management. 1996.

Famous Bird Artists and Their Works

Sculptors Inspired by Birds

Jean Hans Arp, (1886-1966), French - "Flight of the Birds," 1930; "Leaf or Bird," 1959; "Bird Skeleton," 1952; "Winged Configuration," 1925; and "Bird Masquerade, 1964. Abstract shapes and forms.

Constantin Brancusi, 1876-1957), Rumanian -"A Bird in Space," 1924. Suggests the essence of a bird's sudden upward movement through space. An extended and simplified ovoid form.

Examples of Artists Who Have Birds in their Art

John James Audubon (1785-1815) American
Giacomo Salia (1871-1958) Italian
Pieter Bruegel (1525-1569) Belgium
Mary Cassatt, (1844-1926) American
Henry Moore (1898-1986) English
David Smith (1906-1965) American
Gerard Dou (1613-1675) Dutch
Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788) English
Paul Gaugin,(1848-1903) French
Morris Graves, American
Fran Hals (1580-1666) Dutch
William M. Harnett, American
Winslow Homer (1836-1910) American
Paul Klee (1879-1940) Swiss
Nicholas Maes (1623-1693) Dutch
Claude Monet (1840-1926) French
Roger Tory Peterson, American
Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) Spanish
Henri Rousseau (1844-1910) French
Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) Dutch
George Seurat (1858-1891) French
Frans Snyders (1579-1657) Dutch
Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1910) Dutch
Johannis Verspronck (1597-1662) Dutch

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